Adult Russians who are on formal terms usually call each other by their first name and patronymic (middle name). This is a mark of respect, and young people address older people in this way as well. For example, a schoolchild will address his/her teacher as
Тамара Павловна (Tamara Pavlovna).
In Soviet times another official form of address was
товарищ (tavarisch)
comrade used either with the last name or on its own. Nowadays,
товарищ has lost popularity and the pre-Revolutionary
господин (gaspadeen)
sir and
госпожа (gaspazha)
madam have reappeared.
Learn how to pronounce the Russian word
ГОСПОЖА by clicking on the title of the post and listening to the recording. I start by pronouncing the full word, then practice it syllable by syllable.